What does feline rhinitis look like? - The Environmental Literacy Council (2025)

Feline rhinitis primarily manifests as inflammation of the nasal passages in cats, often resulting in a range of noticeable symptoms. Think of it as a feline version of the common cold. But, unlike a simple human cold, rhinitis can range in severity and duration, sometimes requiring veterinary intervention. The most common signs are readily observable and include nasal discharge, sneezing, and pawing at the face. You might also notice your cat snoring, experiencing open-mouth breathing, or having labored inhalation. These signs are often accompanied by tears and inflammation of the membrane surrounding the eyes (conjunctivitis). This combination of symptoms indicates that the upper respiratory passages are inflamed, making it crucial to understand the condition to provide appropriate care for your feline companion. The color and consistency of the nasal discharge are also significant indicators of the severity and potential underlying cause of the rhinitis.

Understanding the Symptoms of Feline Rhinitis

Nasal Discharge: More Than Just a Runny Nose

A runny or stuffed-up nose is one of the most telling signs of feline rhinitis. The nature of this discharge can provide clues about the potential cause. Healthy cat nasal discharge is typically clear and minimal. However, in cats with rhinitis, the discharge can vary significantly. It might be thick and yellow, suggesting a possible bacterial infection. The discharge can also be red-tinged (fresh blood) or brown (older blood), signaling more serious irritation or damage to the nasal lining. It is also important to note whether one or both nostrils are affected, as this can further aid in diagnosis.

Sneezing, Pawing, and Other Indicators

Sneezing is a common reflex when the nasal passages are irritated, and it’s frequently observed in cats with rhinitis. You may also notice your cat frequently pawing at their face in an attempt to relieve discomfort or clear nasal passages. Additionally, cats with rhinitis may have altered breathing patterns. Snoring, while often cute, can be a sign of nasal congestion and restricted airflow in these cases. If your cat is breathing through their mouth, it’s a strong indication that they can’t easily breathe through their nose. Labored inhalation—where the cat appears to be exerting effort to breathe—is another serious symptom that warrants immediate attention. These symptoms collectively paint a picture of an inflamed and irritated upper respiratory tract.

Conjunctivitis and Other Related Symptoms

Tears and conjunctivitis often accompany rhinitis in cats. Conjunctivitis, or “red eye”, is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane lining the eyelid and covering the white part of the eye. This symptom often occurs concurrently with inflammation of the upper respiratory passages due to the close anatomical connection. In severe cases, you might also notice symptoms like fever, changes in behavior such as lethargy or decreased appetite, and even swelling or asymmetry to the nose and face.

Duration and Complications

The duration of rhinitis in cats can vary. It can be short-term, resolving within a few weeks, or it can become chronic, lasting for the cat’s life. When the lining of the nasal passages is damaged by the inflammation, it becomes more vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections. A bacterial infection can significantly worsen the symptoms, potentially leading to more severe conditions if left untreated. It’s also important to differentiate between simple rhinitis and more serious respiratory conditions. For instance, if your cat is coughing like they have a hairball but not producing one, this might indicate other issues such as asthma. Understanding the potential progression of rhinitis helps owners recognize when veterinary help is crucial.

What to Do if You Suspect Your Cat Has Rhinitis

If your cat is exhibiting any of the above-mentioned symptoms, a prompt visit to the veterinarian is recommended. Do not attempt to administer human decongestants or any medication without prior veterinary consultation. While at-home care such as saline nebulization or steam inhalation can provide relief, it is important to get professional advice, especially if your cat’s symptoms are severe or persistent. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can not only improve your cat’s quality of life but also prevent serious complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Feline Rhinitis

1. What colors can a cat’s nasal discharge be, and what do they indicate?

A cat’s nasal discharge can be clear (normal), thick and yellow (potential bacterial infection), red-tinged (fresh blood), or brown (older blood). The color is a key indicator for vets to help determine the underlying cause of the rhinitis.

2. What is the difference between rhinitis and sinusitis in cats?

Rhinitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, whereas sinusitis is inflammation of the lining of the sinuses. Often, both conditions occur together, termed rhinosinusitis.

3. Can rhinitis in cats go away on its own?

While the symptoms might temporarily subside, untreated rhinitis can cause damage to the nasal cartilage and lead to bronchitis or pneumonia. It’s important to seek veterinary advice for proper management.

4. How can I help my cat breathe better at home when they have rhinitis?

Using a damp cloth or cotton ball soaked in warm water to clean their nose and eyes throughout the day can ease congestion. Saline nebulization or steam inhalation for 10-15 minutes two to three times daily can also help.

5. Can I use human decongestants on my cat?

No, do not give human decongestants to your cat without veterinary approval. Medications like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and pseudoephedrine can be given, but only under a veterinarian’s guidance for proper dosing. Never give over the counter medications like Flonase without a vet’s explicit prescription.

6. What medications do vets give cats for nasal congestion?

Vets may prescribe oral decongestants like diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, or pseudoephedrine, as well as nasal decongestant drops like 0.05% xylometazoline, though these should only be used for a limited period.

7. Why is my cat sneezing so much?

Frequent sneezing in cats can be due to allergies, irritants, or upper respiratory infections. If sneezing is accompanied by other symptoms like nasal discharge or fatigue, it warrants a visit to the vet.

8. What does a congested cat sound like?

A congested cat might make wheezing, retching, or gagging noises. Nasal congestion is common with upper respiratory infections. If your cat is breathing through their mouth, this could also be an indication of congestion and breathing difficulty.

9. Can cats breathe through their mouths if their nose is blocked?

Yes, cats can resort to open-mouth breathing if they struggle to pass air through their nose. This is a sign that they are having difficulty breathing and requires prompt attention.

10. What should I do if my cat’s sneezing becomes persistent?

If your cat’s sneezing becomes persistent, if they sneeze blood, or if they have other symptoms like excessive nasal discharge, runny eyes, or trouble breathing, you should see a vet immediately.

11. What is the cause of my cat’s blocked-sounding nose?

A blocked-sounding nose could be due to various reasons including upper respiratory infections, a foreign body in the nasal passage, or even a tumor. Seek veterinary advice to determine the underlying cause.

12. How is rhinosinusitis diagnosed in cats?

Diagnosis often involves a thorough history, physical examination, x-rays, CT scans, rhinoscopy, nasal biopsies, and ruling out other causes of nasal discharge and sneezing.

13. Does lysine help cats with rhinitis?

Lysine is often suggested for cats to boost the immune system and reduce upper respiratory symptoms. While readily available, it shouldn’t replace veterinary-prescribed medications or treatment.

14. What are the first signs of feline leukemia?

Early signs of feline leukemia can include loss of appetite, weight loss, poor coat condition, enlarged lymph nodes, persistent fever, and infections of the skin, urinary bladder, and upper respiratory tract.

15. When should I be concerned about my cat’s mucousy breathing?

Mucousy breathing can be due to several issues such as upper respiratory infections, sinus infections, or nasal tumors. If your cat sounds congested, it is best to see your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.